atif.rahman@liverpool.ac.uk

Outline:psychot

OCULAR DISEASES & DRUG DISCOVERY
BG

Developments in the field of psychotherapy for mental health problems, using perinatal depression as a case study.

PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH CONTEXT

an over-populated area having scarcity of HR, Overburdened health systems

Deprived mental health (cinderella) overlooked in medicine

Stigma in society discrimination, Medically discriminated also

low literacy is the cherry on top

how this type of society will get talking therapy?

PERINATAL DEPRESSION leads to poor function and self-care
 1/4 antepartum depression 250000/million

1/5 postpartum depression 200000/million

Developed countries suffer the same as china

poor socioeconomic status, low education, ill health and low social support are key factors

IMPACT is on
Fetus, low prenatal-postnatal care, breastfeeding, malnutrition, diarrheal, poor healthcare, disrupted child behaviour, 

MATERNAL DEPRESSION: GLOBAL THREAT

LOWEST rate of HR for mental health

can the lowest no. of mental health professionals provide better services to that high number.?

this is much expensive behaviour

SOLUTION
WHO endorsed Task-Shifting/sharing
Services through non-professionals
Can Psychotherapy be delivered by non-specialists after little training and supervision?

Lady health workers program

talking therapy through these people, a long systematic system

THINKING HEALTHY PROGRAMME

overcome lack of specialists

home-based therapy to overcome stigma by health workers

5 days of training, hands-on practical 

application through role play

learning on the job to work more efficiently

16 sessions, 4 delivered before pregnancy, 4 after pregnancy, where 8 were optional
simple and easy steps of 45 min each
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Most active talking therapy.

INGREDIENTS
a) Specific:

1- Guided discovery using pics to replace negative thoughts with positive thoughts, implement positive thinking

2- Behavioural Activation breaking large tasks into small manageable/doable tasks, Powerful intervention for depression. a lot of encouragement
3- Problem-Solving by brainstorming with both mother and family

b) Non-Specific
Empathy ability to feel pain and respond in a proper way, so the mother attains the required social support.

3 Areas of thinking

self-care, relation with baby & significant other

support the mother through difficult times

STIGMA

using child development as an entry point and persuading them to work as support

Low Literacy
Using pictorial presentation for different moods

narrative of characters that can she relate to

narratives and pics help to elevate the behaviour without monitoring 1-1

5 days training
simple yet rigid instructions to play all the steps accordingly

Intervention therapy was more influential.

positive impacts on child care and self-care

intervention is more suitable due to more liking by the women 

Challenges of scaling up

requires further assistance

health workers are already overburdened with their respective tasks

Peers are effective to deliver services to society.

cost-effective therapy

 When intervention deviates its programme drift
if it losses potency its voltage drop
Digital tools to deliver services to the community

the plethora of technology is non-regulated

using technology to scale up system's inbuilt modules

A randomized controlled trial demonstrates that it is as effective as face to face system

the app is effective as peer or worker

psychoterapy n.精神疗法；心理疗法

perinatal depression 围产期抑郁症

task-shifting（sharing）and technology

prevalence n.盛行；普遍；（疾病等的）流行程度

scale-up n.按比例增加，扩大

scarcity n.不足，缺乏，稀少

chronic adj.慢性的，长期的 ，积习难改的

perinatal depression  临产抑郁

prevalence 流行；概率

maternal  母亲的

CBT 认知行为治疗

Internationally, letting tumors grow too large on mouse models comes under crelty.

3Rs

Replace: With other models

Reduce: As few as possible experiments (share more to reduce redundancy)

Refine: Minimize stress in animals.

Pretreatment: Add compound: incubate for 2 hours. Subsequently add virus

Post-treatment: Add virus. Then add drug

Flavonoid Library: 34/500. Shows promise. 

目前主要研究细胞生物学的遗传工具，每种工具的基本概念，如何为你未来的研究项目选择正确的技术，如何设计全基因组CRISPR筛选试验。

如何建立有效沟通：

获取诊断所需的信息

向病人及其家属解释医疗问题和治疗方案

帮助患者做出明智的决定

如何告知坏消息

在不同的环境和情况下工作，包括心理健康

如何处理你所犯的错误

认知障碍

抗病毒策略COVID19

日本糖尿病的研究

不正常的血管生成：

角膜血管生成

新生血管型青光眼

视网膜血管病变

Perinatal depression:

1. low mood
2. fatigue
3. anxiety
4. negative thoughts
5. feeling of guilt
6. avoiding people

leading to poor functioning and lack of self-care

Prevalence(流行率) in women:

antepartum:1/4（产前）

postpartum:1/5（产后）

In china: 16.3% 

Maternal depression can undermine the development of young children

Task-shifting(sharing): delivery of psychological interventions through non-speciallists

CBT:认知行为疗法

Active ingredients:

1. guided discovery
2. behavior activation
3. problem solving

+empathy and social support

Areas of thinking healthy

self-care and well-being

relationship with baby and significant others

overburdened community health workers

心血管系统，和心血管疾病的危害因素。CDV动物模型，CDV研究的动物模式选择伦理问题。

血管生成细胞的过程、血管生成的分子机制。发现VWGF的贡献者， Anti-VEGF agents .其他关键的VEGF抑制剂：康博西普Conbercept，Brolucizumab，Abicipar pegol(DARPin)

心理治疗的发展历程，和以产后抑郁症为例进行研究。LMIC的公共精神卫生背景，

causes of death among Japanese diabetic patients by age group

抗vegf药物的局限性

0一小部分患者对治疗有难治性或随着时间的推移产生耐药性

o有效持续时间很短

o可能有与长期治疗相关的潜在副作用o与加速组织纤维化和随后的视网膜脱离相关
 

Chromatin 核染zhi